P掺杂量对纳米TiO2结构及其光催化甘油水溶液制氢性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,以NaH2PO4为掺杂离子给体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列P掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,运用N2吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱、激光拉曼光谱、紫外-可见光漫反射等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,适量掺杂的P可以进入TiO2骨架中,而掺杂量过高时,P将溶解于TiO2晶格间隙中;P掺杂后的TiO2均为具有介孔结构的锐钛矿晶型纳米颗粒,其晶粒变小,分散度明显提高.适量P掺杂增大样品的比表面积,并使得TiO2禁带内引入杂质能级,降低了禁带能量,增加了光生电子和空穴的分离性能,提高了TiO2的吸光性能.光催化甘油水溶液制氢反应结果表明,P掺杂的TiO2表现出远高于纯TiO2的光催化活性;5%P掺杂样品在紫外光和模拟太阳光辐射下,其最高产氢速率可分别达1838和209μmol/(g.h).这与掺P后晶粒变小、比表面积增大、禁带能量降低以及光生电子和空穴的分离性能增加有关.     

Evaluating fitness by integrating the highest payoff within the neighborhood promotes cooperation in social dilemmas

In this paper, we propose a modified fitness evaluation mechanism, which integrates the environmental factors into the focal player’s fitness calculation, to investigate the evolution of cooperative behaviors in the prisoner’s dilemma game. Here, the fitness of a player is computed by combining the individual raw payoff and the highest payoff within the neighborhood, which is regulated by a single parameter termed as trust level η$\eta$. We show, compared to the traditional version (η=0$\eta =0$), that the cooperation level can be highly enhanced for η>0$\eta >0$. Meanwhile, we illustrate the dynamical evolution of cooperators on the square lattice, and for different defection parameters b$b$ the _FC−K$F_C-K$ curves are utilized to investigate the impact of noise during the strategy updates. Likely, the role of pursuing the highest payoff within the neighborhood also favors the survival of cooperators in the spatial snowdrift game. In addition, the sensibility of knowing the external factors is often not identical for all individuals and we consider the distributed trust level in which η$\eta$ is a distributed parameter, and the results indicate that pursuing the highest payoff in the neighborhood is also inspiring as a consequence of its positive effect on cooperation. The current results are highly instructive for us to further understand the maintenance and emergence of cooperation under the framework of evolutionary game theory.     

基于二维相关近红外谱参数化及BP神经网络的掺杂牛奶鉴别

将二维相关近红外谱参数化方法与BP神经网络结合,建立掺杂牛奶与纯牛奶的判别模型。分别配制含有尿素牛奶(1～20 g·L-1)和三聚氰胺牛奶(0.01～3 g·L-1)样品各40个。研究了纯牛奶、掺杂牛奶的二维相关近红外谱特性,在此基础上,分别提取了各样品二维相关同步谱的5个特征参数。将这5个特征参数作为BP神经网络的输入,分别建立掺杂尿素、掺杂三聚氰胺、两种掺杂牛奶与纯牛奶的判别模型,采用这些模型对未知样品进行预测,其预测正确率分别为95%,100%和96.7%。研究结果表明：该方法有效地提取了牛奶中掺杂目标物的特征光谱信息,同时又减少了BP神经网络输入变量的维数,实现了掺杂牛奶与纯牛奶的鉴别。     

乙二醇-聚(咪唑丙基-天冬酰胺)-聚丙氨酸三嵌段共聚物的合成及其pH-响应性药物控制释放性能的研究

聚天冬氨酸及其衍生物是一种具有良好生物相容性和可生物降解性的高分子材料, 被广泛应用于生物医药领域. 本研究通过大分子引发剂ω-胺基-α-甲氧基聚乙二醇引发N-羧基-α-氨基环内酸酐开环聚合和N-(3-氨丙基)咪唑侧基改性, 制备了一种侧链含有咪唑丙基的聚乙二醇-聚(咪唑丙基-天冬酰胺)-聚丙氨酸三嵌段共聚物. 在水溶液中, 此聚合物可自组装形成一种核-壳-冠型的三层共聚物胶束, 其中疏水性的聚丙氨酸链段自聚集形成胶束的核, 聚(咪唑丙基-天冬酰胺)链段形成具有pH-响应性的壳层, 用于包埋和释放药物, 外围的聚乙二醇链段可以提供一个稳定的水合冠层, 延长药物的体内循环时间. 利用咪唑环与游离阿霉素之间的π-π相互作用和疏水相互作用可以在自组装的过程中将阿霉素包埋到胶束内. 研究发现, 载药胶束随环境pH 值的降低药物的释放速率显著增加. 这主要是由于咪唑环在酸性条件下的质子化导致链段亲疏水性质发生明显变化.     

含螺环结构农药研究进展

综述了近年来含螺环结构化合物在农药方面的研究进展, 详细介绍了部分螺环化合物的合成方法, 总结了螺环农药的结构特征. 对该类化合物的应用前景进行了展望.     

Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives

In order to find novel synthetic antitumor agents with superior cytotoxicity and overcoming multidrug resistance,a novel series of 4β-N-substituted podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential antitumor agents.Seven novel podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized by linking 4β-amino-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin with N-substituted 5-methylindol-3- yl-glyoxyl chlorides and tested against K562 and K562/A02 using SRB methods in vitro,KB and KBV using MTT methods in vitro.     

闪耀光纤光栅写制技术及解调技术研究

利用相位掩模法,对闪耀光纤光栅的写制技术进行了研究.在载氢光敏光纤中写制了不同倾斜角度的闪耀光纤光栅,给出了相应的结果谱图.利用闪耀光纤光栅的包层耦合模,通过侧面光检测技术,实现了一种以闪耀光纤光栅为分光器件的光纤光栅波长解调系统.对C波段的波长进行了解调,给出了实验系统及相应结果分析.     

Degradation of Phenol in Water by Photocatalytic Reactors

Environmental applications of heterogeneous photocatalysis are one of the rapidly growing areas of research. Photocatalytic oxidation had die advantage of complete mineralisation of pollutants into environmentally harmless confounds. In recent years, interest has focused on the use of TiO₂ as a photocatalyst for the destruction of polluting materials^[1,2].     

Application of Nonlinear Lie Algebraic Method to One-Dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Chain

In our work the nonlinear Lie algebra and concept of shift operator are introduced, based on that the eigenproblern of one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg ferromagnetic chain can be solved. The results achieved from the usual Bethe ansatz method are recovered naturally.     

非晶态物质径向分布函数的微机程序X－RDF（Ⅲ）

报导了一个通用性好,可信度高的径向分布函数程序,它可以根据X射线衍射数据计算实验径向分布函数,也可根据模型结构计算理论径向分布函数,还可给出结构参数。